The Certain Conventional Weapons used in Sudan Civil War

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The conflict in Sudan, particularly the ongoing war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), has involved the use of various conventional weapons, including both light and heavy arms. Here are some of the key weapons reported in the conflict: 1. Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW) AK-47/AKM assault rifles – Widely used by both SAF and RSF fighters. PKM machine guns – Common among infantry and mounted on vehicles. RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenades – Used against vehicles and fortified positions. DShK heavy machine guns – Mounted on technicals (improvised fighting vehicles). Sniper rifles (e.g., Dragunov SVD) – Used for long-range engagements. 2. Heavy Weapons & Artillery Mortars (82mm & 120mm) – Frequently used in urban and rural combat. BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launchers – Employed for indirect bombardment. Howitzers (e.g., D-30 122mm) – Used by SAF for artillery strikes. ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft guns – Often repurposed for ground attacks. 3. Armored Vehicles & Tanks T-72 and T-55 tanks – Used by the Sudanese Armed Forces. BMP-1/BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) – Seen in SAF deployments. Technical vehicles (Toyota Hilux with mounted guns) – Used extensively by RSF for mobility. 4. Air Power & Airstrikes MiG-29 fighter jets – Used by SAF for airstrikes. Su-25 ground-attack aircraft – Deployed for close air support. Mi-24/Mi-35 attack helicopters – Conduct strikes against ground forces. Drones (reportedly Turkish Bayraktar TB2 & Iranian-made Shahed variants) – Used for reconnaissance and strikes. 5. Explosive Ordnance & IEDs Landmines & unexploded ordnance (UXO) – Leftover from previous conflicts, posing risks to civilians. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) – Used in ambushes and asymmetric warfare. 6. Reports of Cluster Munitions (Alleged) There have been allegations of cluster munitions being used, though these claims require further verification. Sources of Weapons Domestic stockpiles – Both sides have access to Sudan’s existing military arsenals. Foreign supplies – Reports suggest external actors (e.g., UAE, Russia, Egypt, Iran) may be providing weapons or logistical support to different factions. Humanitarian Impact Civilian casualties due to indiscriminate shelling, airstrikes, and small arms fire. Widespread destruction of infrastructure, including hospitals and residential areas. Authors : Salako N. Olatunji. Adeniji Yetunde Fatimo, Ogunbawo Yetunde

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